מעורבות הורים בחיים האקדמיים של ילדיהם: איך, מי ומדוע

מאת אווה מ' פומרנץ, אליזבת' א' מורמן, סקוט ד' ליטווק
זמן קריאה: 25 דקות

אחת המטרות העיקריות של מדיניות חינוכית במדינות רבות היא לסייע להורים להגביר את מעורבותם בחיים האקדמיים של ילדיהם. מאמצים אלה, וכן חלק ניכר מן המחקר, התמקדו בהגדלת היקף המעורבות. אך גם לגורמים שמעבר להיקף המעורבות יש חשיבות. במאמר זה נטען כי מאפייני המעורבות של ההורים בחיים האקדמיים של הילדים – איך, מי ומדוע – חיונית למקסום יתרונותיה. הראיות מן המחקר מצביעות על כך שהאופן שההורים הופכים למעורבים קובע במידה רבה את הצלחתה של המעורבות. עוד נטען כי מעורבות ההורים עשויה להשפיע על ילדים מסוימים יותר משהיא עשויה להשפיע על אחרים. נבחן גם את השאלה מדוע על ההורים להיות מעורבים בלימודים של ילדיהם.

מקור

Pomerantz, E. M., Moorman, E. A., & Litwack, S. D. (2007). The how, whom, and why of parents’ involvement in children’s academic lives: More is not always better. Review of educational research, 77(3), 373-410. 2007

תרגום

לירון רובינס

עריכה לשונית

ורדה בן יוסף

עריכה מדעית

נעמי מנדל-לוי

הערת שוליים

  1. אפשטיין (Epstein, 1990) תייג את סוג המעורבות הזה כמעורבות מנהלת ותומכת, והבחין בינה ובין מעורבות בית ספרית ברמה נמוכה יותר. במאמר זה איננו מתמקדים במעורבות הורים מנהלת ותומכת.

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סוגיות ונושאים נוספים אשר עשויים לעניין אותך

תכנים נוספים שעשויים לעניין אותך

מאת: מאיה בוזו, גל פישר

ההוראה שבויה בדפוס דיבור המכונה ימ"מ — המורה יוזם, התלמידים מגיבים, המורה מעריך. דפוס הדיבור הזה מיועד לחלץ את "התשובה הנכונה" מהתלמידים ולחזק את שליטתו של המורה בכיתה; הוא מונע מהתלמידים את היכולת לחשוב בכוחות עצמם. דפוס זה צומח אמנם מן המבנה של בית הספר, אך אפשר להיחלץ ממנו ולהנהיג בכיתות דפוס דיבור חינוכי יותר.

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מאת: יפה בניה

ל"פדגוגיה של אכפתיות" שפיתחה נל נודינגס יש השלכות חיונוכיות מרחיקות לכת על כל מה שמתרחש בבית הספר - מבנה תוכנית הלימודים, שיטת ההוראה ובעיקר היחסים האנושיים. יש לה גם השלכות חברתיות מרחיקות לכת. הבית (הטוב), על ערכי הדאגה והאכפתיות המאפיינים אותו, הוא המקום שממנו צריך להתחיל השינוי.

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מאת: מירי ימיני, נטע שגיא

בישראל, ובעולם, האוטונומיה של מנהלים מתרחבת (בד בבד עם הדרישה הגוברת לאחריותיות ועמידה בסטנדרטים). האוטונומיה מזמנת למנהלים אפשרות ליזום ולהוביל תהליכים חדשניים בבתי הספר שלהם בהתאם לתפיסת עולמם וחזונם החינוכי. המחקר המוצג במאמר בחן עשרה מנהלים-יזמים בישראל וביקש להתחקות אחר הכוחות המניעים את היזמות שלהם בסביבה הבית ספרית. החוקרות מצאו ארבעה מאפיינים משותפים: היזמות מבוססת ומונעת על ידי חזון וערכים שחשובים למנהל; המנהל מצליח לרתום את צוות בית הספר ליישום היזמה; הם אינם נרתעים ממגבלות תקציביות ובטוחים ביכולתם לגייס את המשאבים הדרושים ליישום היזמה; הם אינם מפחדים לקחת סיכונים.

מאת: קובי גוטרמן

האתגר נראה עצום אך אפשרי: לשתף את התלמידים כל הזמן במהלך השיעור. המחבר מציע דרכים לעשות זאת - למשל, לשאול שאלות משתפות, לתת יותר זמן להמצאת תשובות, לבקש מכל התלמידים לענות בכתיבה חרישית במחברת, לבקש מהתלמידים לסכם את השיעור.

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מאת: טובה מיטלמן-בונה

במרכז חקר המקרה ישיבת ציונים של המועצה הפדגוגית שעניינה כיתה ז1 בתום המחצית הראשונה של שנת הלימודים. מחנכת הכיתה מופתעת לגלות שרוב הנתונים על התלמידים חסרים ומתרעמת על התרבות הארגונית בבית הספר. במהלך הישיבה נחשפים פערים בין עמדות המורים בעניין הוראה בכיתות הטרוגניות ובין ה"אני מאמין" של המנהל – סוגיות ארגוניות-ערכיות ושאלות על מנהיגות המנהל.

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מאת: טובה מיטלמן-בונה

זהו סיפורו של בית ספר שהתחולל בו תהליך שינוי מערכתי מקיף ומורכב; בית הספר הפך מבית ספר תיכון ארבע-שנתי קטן, מאופיין בבריחת תלמידים ובעזיבת מורים, לבית ספר שש-שנתי מבוקש בקרב תלמידים ומורים. מנהלת חדשה צמחה מתוך צוות בית הספר והובילה תהליך –תחילתו בבירור פנימי מעמיק כלל-בית-ספרי והמשכו בשינויים ארגוניים ופדגוגיים מרחיקי לכת. המקרה מעלה סוגיות של יצירת חזון בית ספרי ותהליך מימושו, של הובלת שינוי והטמעתו וכן של הצלחות מחד גיסא וקשיים והתנגדויות מאידך גיסא.

289

מאת: איל שאול

מבוא לספר בו מוצג הסיפור מאיר עיניים. הספר מגיש לקוראים תמונות מכורסת המנהל: הקשר בין האובייקטיבי-מקצועי לסובייקטיבי-רגשי כפי שהמנהל רואה אותו. הסיפורים מציגים רגישות אנושית לתלמידים, הורים ומורים הבאה לידי ביטוי למשל בתשומת לב לפרטים הקטנים – הכרח בפעולת הניהול. הם מעמידים במרכז את היחסים בין המנהל לסובבים אותו במסגרת הדילמות שעמן על המנהל להתמודד. הסיפור מיועד למנהלים ולמנחי קבוצות מנהלים שעניינם בממד האישי ובהשפעתו על המקצועי.

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מאת: טובה מיטלמן-בונה

המקרה מתאר בית ספר תיכון אזורי שעבר מהפך בעקבות גידול היישובים ושינוי צורכי התושבים, והצליח לשפר את הדימוי שלו ולמצב את עצמו כבית ספר שמוביל את תלמידיו להצלחה בבגרות. כעת נדרש בית הספר להתמודד עם צרכים חדשים של הקהילה והרשות ועם מגמות חדשניות המשפיעות עליו. המקרה מעלה שאלות על הצורך להתאים את בית הספר לצרכים משתנים, כיצד לעשות זאת, מי יסייע לבית הספר בכך ועוד.

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